Improvement in machines for forming the eyes of mattocks, picks



3 4 Shee 'ts-Sheet 1.

J. DONALD-.

Machines for Forming the Eyes of Mattocks, Picks, 8L0.

No.133,360. Patgnted N0v.26,18 72.

I Inveniar @Yfifff affima/fol,

4 Sheets--Sheet 2. J DONALD.

Machine's fqr Forming th-eEy es.of Mattocks, Picks, &c. No. 133,360. Patented Nov.26,187 2.

Fi sx wiinemes. Inventor ZV" fl 4%; M33573 1 A M PHUTO'LITHOGHAPH/C (20.1%)?(0SEOIFNE1S PROCESS.)

v 4 Sheets-- Sheet 3. J. DONALD. V Machines for Forming the Eyes of Mattqcks, Picks, &C.

Patented Nov. 26,1872.

1 r. l m -mlfl l mlm- ML. lam,

wflnesses.

din away ass,

' 4 Sheets--Shee't 4.

Patented Nov. 26, 1872.

J. DONALD. Machines for Forming the Eyes of Mattocks, Picks,-

. NB mw M, w R

i .wa Fv n. 7 km; miw wd UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES DONALD, OF GOHOES, NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINES FOR FORMING THE EYES 0F MATTOCKS. PICKS, t c.

' Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 133,360, dated November 26, 1872.

To all whom it may concern.-

I, Be it known that I, JAMES DONALD, of (30- hoes, in the county of Albany and State of New York, have invented a certain new and Improved Machine for Forming the Eyes of M attocks, Picks,Axes, &c.;" and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and complete description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawing making part of the same.

Figure 1 is a front elevation of the machine. Fig. 2 is a rear elevation. Fig. 3 is a plan view. Fig. 4 is an end elevation. Fig. 5 is a vertical section of a detached section. Fig. 6 is a detached section. Figs. 7, 8, i, and 10 are detached sections.

Like letters of reference refer to like parts in the several views.

and the special object of the inventionis to punch and form the eye in said implements by means of punches operating on both sides of 1 the blank of which the tool is made while said blank is held in a close box. The ears of the eyes are form ed by inserting a mandrel of a peculiar shape in the punched eye and passing it between a pair of rollers, whereby the ears are rolled into shape. The eye thus partially formed is spread out into proper shape by means of a pair of opening-punches, operating on both sides of the punched eye, thereby distending the eye laterally for the admission of the handle.

Of the abovesaid machine the following is a more full and complete description:

In the drawing, A A, Figs. 1 and 2, represent the base on which the housings B O are secured. In said housings are journaled, in movable boxes, the rollers D E. On one side of the roller D is secured a die, F; also, a corresponding die, G, is secured to the roller E. The faces of said dies are smooth plain surfaces, and each one is an arc of a circle. The

. circle, however, is smaller than that of its cir- ,cle of movement, as will be seen in the transverse section, Fig. 9, though the dies and the rollers have the same axis of rotation, the purpose of which will presently be shown. Said rollers operate conjointly by means of the'cogwheels H I. To the outside of the housing 13 is secured the following devices: First, the punch or slitter J, Fig. I. Said punch con sists of a slide, K, Fig. 4, from the upper and lower end of which proceeds aguide-rod, L, fitted in stays M, in which they slide, and

whereby said slide K is also attached to the housing, and held and guided in its vertical movement for punching. In the upper end of the slide is secured a punch, N, Figs. 1 and4; also, in the lower end of the slide is secured a similar punch, 0, Fig. 6. Said Fig. 6 repre sents a detached view of the slide K, and the two punches referred to, attached thereto in the manner shown. Said punches are of a thin, slightly-t aperin g character, equal in width to that of the eye to be punched and are so ar' ranged in relation to each other that they hold the same vertical line, and hence will move directly toward each other when operated for punching, as will be seen in Fig. 5,.which represents a vertical section of the punches, slide, and box or clamp P, Figs. 1 and 5. Said box consists of two sections, 1? Q. Section Q is at tached to the standard R, Figs. 4 and 5, in a rigid manner; Whereas section P is movable, it being made to slide on guide-rods a, Fig. 1, to and from the stationary section, by means, in part, of the inclined shoulders I), Fig. 5, attached to the inside of the slide K, which, as the shoulder descends with the slide, it pushes the section P of the box toward the stationary section Q, but which is again pushed back from thestationary section by means of the lever S, Fig. 3, pivoted at c. To the short arm of the lever is attached a bar, T, Fig. 4, from each end of which projects a rod, U, through the standard and section Q of the box to the movable section P, which, when pushed out to section Q, pushes also the rods and the short end of the lever, but which is forced back at the proper time by the long arm of the le ver coming in contact with a pin, d, projecting from the outer endof the roller E, Figs. 3 and 4. The practical operation of the above-described punches will hereinafter be described. On the opposite side of the housing is a slide, A, Fig. 4, similar in construction to the slide K above described, andwhich is attached to the housing with guide-rods and stays in the same way. In the upper and lower ends of said slide is secured, in like manner as are the p'unches N O in the slide K, an eye-pin, B and O, which have a direct vertical relation to each other, as have the aforesaid punches, as shown in Fig. 7, which represent a detached section of the slide and eye-pins; a vertical section is also shown in Fig. 8. Said pins are of the shape and size that the eye in the mattock or other implement is to be, the upper pin forming the upper half of the eye and the lower pin the lower half. The joint operation of both pins completes the shape of the eye, as presently shown. At, the top of the standard D, Fig. 2, is secured a frame, F, between the openings of which the eye-pins pass on entering the partially-formed eye in the blank, of which a mattock is being made, and between which it is horizontally introduced for such operation of forming the eye. On the inner side of the slide K project three lugs, F G

'H; so also on the inside of the slide A pro jeet'three lugs, I J K, Fig. 4, whereby the two slides, respectively, are operated by means of the toes L M projecting from the end of the roller D, and a toe, N, projecting from the end of the roller E. To the upper end of the guide-rod I of the slideK is attached one end of a lever, 0, Fig. 4', pivoted at the point 0 to the housing. To the opposite end of the lever is suspended a weight, V, by a rod, 01; also, to. the upper end of the guide-rod A is attached one end of a lever, Q, and from which is also suspended aweight, V, in like manner and for a similar purpose.

Having described the construction and general arrangement of the machine, the practical operation of the same is as follows: A piece of iron, (termed a blank,) of a certain sizefor a mattock or other'similar implement, is-heated, and while hot is inserted in the opening a, Fig. 5, of the box or clamp P referred to, and which blank is therein clamped by the closing together of the two sections of the box or clamp. This closing of the clamp is effected by the descent of the slide K, caused by the toe L, Fig. 4, on the shaft of theroller D, which, as the roller revolves, it strikes upon the lug F of the slide, thereby depressing the slide, and as it descends the shoulder b forces the free part of the clamp toward the stationary part Q, thereby clamping the blank in a firm manner for the operation of the punch N, which descends at the same time with the slide and punches the blank about two-thirds through immediately on being clamped. The box or clamp above described not only holds the blank while being punched, but it also 1 prevents the iron from splitting or tearing, 1 v and from becoming distorted in shape by the action of the punches. The punch iswithdrawnfrom the blank by the upward moveent of the slide, cheated by the toe N of the rollenE, which, as said roller revolves in the opposite direction from the roller D, the toes carry up the slide by lifting upon the lug H, atthe same time carrying up therewith the lower punch O, which punches the blank h nghfrom the under side, thereby making a thin slit or hole in the blank corresponding to that made from above bythe punch N; thus, by the operation of the two punches a hole is made entirely through the blank. The lower punch is withdrawn from the blank by means of the toe M, which is so placed on the roller- D that at the proper moment it impinges on the lug G, and carries the slide down just far enough to withdraw the punch, leaving the upper one still above the clamp and momentarily at rest. The box is now opened by the aforesaid device for thewithdrawal of the blank from the clamp or box, which is instantly done and laid eye upward upon the block 0, Fig. 1. In the eye of the block is entered the end of the ear-mandrel R. Said mandrel consists of a blade, S, which is slightly tapering from the shoulders down, and thicker in the middle than at the edges-that is to 'say, the larger central portion of the blade being slightly oval transversely, and tapering more rapidly near the edges, which are rounded, as will be seen in the detached view thereof, Fig. 10. This mandrel is forced down into the eye of the blank by the descent of the slide, which at this time descends, as and-for the purpose above described and specified. As the slide descends the lug T strikes upon the upper end of the handle f of the mandrel, thereby forcing the blade down into and through the blank; at this instant the slide again ascends by the means aforedescribed, which allows the operator to remove the eyemandrel and place the blank thereon between it the dies F G of the rollers; the eii'ect of which is, that the metal immediately on each side of the blade of the mandrel will be extended along the planes of the blade, and, in consequence of the blades being thicker in the middle than at the sides, the metal of the eye will be further extended along the middle than that along the sides or near the edges thereof; and also, in consequence of the planes of the blade being transversely curving, the edges of the extended metal, which are now ears, will be of a uniform curve from the middle of the sides around to the end of the rudimentary eye of the blank. The eye, which up to this time is only a narrow slot', is now extended into proper shape by the eye-Pins B 0, Figs. 2, 7, and 8, above referred to, and in the manner as follows: The blank, having passed through the rollers, is removed from the mandrel and inserted ears downwardin the opening h, Fig. 2, of the frame E, directly over the eye-pin O, which immediately ascends into the eye of the blank to about twothirds of the distance through, spreading open the under part of the eye and grooving it to a proper shape, which is that of the pin. The ascent of the eye-pin is efl'ected by the upward movement of the slide to which the pin is attached, and the slide is forced up by the toe L (lifting on the lug J, Fig. 4) of the roller D, and which toe L is so placed on the roller as to operate it for that purpose at the exact moment required and relatively to the movement of the slide and punches above described, with which it co-operates. The pin is withdrawn from the eye by the downward movement of the slide, which downward movement is caused by the toe N of the roller E pressin g on the lug K of the slide. The upper eyepin B is now forced into the eye by the continued downward movement of the slide efit'ected by the toe N, which carries the slide so far down as to cause the upper pin B to enter the eye, thereby opening the eye and ears in a corresponding manner and shape to that already performed by the pin- 0. The eye-pin B is with drawn by the upward movement of the slide,

caused by the toe M lifting on the lug I. An interval of time of sufficient length to allow of the removal of the blank from the eye-pins and for the introduction of another blank occurs between the withdrawal of the eye-pin B and the reascent of the lower pin 0, the slide and the eye-pins being momentarily at rest, hence no confusion takes place in the respective movement of the machine and the time for passing the blank into it for the. purpose of punching, rolling, and forming the eye. The arrangement of the toes on the rollers and the several lugs on the slides corresponding therewith are all so adjusted in relation to each other as to allow ample time for effecting the several operations specified. In order that the slides may not descend by their own gravity when momentarily at rest they are counterbalanced by the weights V attached to the levers The purpose of having the curve or circle of the dies less than their circle of motion is in order to roll difierent thickness of metal without moving the die for that purpose. Thus, when the extremes of the curves of the two dies are opposite each other the spaces between them is less than when the dies shall have passed either way from said extreme center; hence, in order to pass a bar of a certain thickness through them, the gage G is adjusted on the roller so as to allow it to enter between the dies at any certain point. The position of the dies in relation to each other, as shown inFig. 1, is such that when they are the nearest together a thin piece of iron can be run through them. The gage can be so adjusted as to prevent the iron from entering the rolls at the narrowest approximation, but at some other point therefor, as the case may be.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The box or clamp P, consisting of the sections 1? and Q, as arranged in relation to each other and in combination with the slide K, y

when operated thereby by means of the shoulder b, in the manner substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

2. The punches N O, as arranged and operating in relation to each other as described, and slide K, in combination with the box or clamp P, substantially in the manner as set forth, and for the purposespecified.

3. The rollers D E and dies F G, as arranged to operate conjointly with and in relation to the mandrel R, in the manner as and for the purpose set forth.

4. The mandrel R, consisting of the blade S, when said blade is constructed as described, viz., having its larger or central portion slightly ovaling transversely and tapering more rapidly near the edges, substantially as described, and handle f, for the purpose specified.

5. The eye-pins B C, as arranged in relation to each other and operated as described, and slide A, in combination with the frame E, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

6. The frame E, constructed as described and shown, in combination with the eye-pins or openers, substantially in the manner as described, and for the purpose set forth.

' JAMES DONALD.

Witnesses:

W. H. BURRIDGE, S. E. OVIATT. 

